第三讲 【持守菩提心品】
Lecture 3 : Chapter Three Full Acceptance of the Awakening Mind
日期:二零零三年二月八日
对那些以成佛作为人生目标的人来说,单是清净罪业是不足够的,必须同时积聚大量福德或善业的力量;例如这次讲随喜,除了要清净自己的嫉妒心,真心诚意的随喜之外,还可以获得大量的福德。若闻他人行善时,断除嫉妒之恶心;心意真诚作随喜,佛言彼得同等福!除了随喜外,积聚福德还有请佛转*轮。我们要学习如何离苦得乐的方法;可是,由于被无明障翳着,我们实在很难找得到真正修行成佛的道路,所以我们要请佛陀说法。接着是请佛住世,祈请佛陀不要放弃我们,长久住在轮回界中指导我们。最后就是功德回向,将透过上述礼拜、忏罪、随喜等七支供养所积聚的功德,回向给所有众生;「如是诸观行,所积一切善,以彼愿消除,有情一切苦。」寂天菩萨讲罢净障积资之后,就要修布施学处。依据贾曹杰(Gyel-tsap, 1364-1432)在《入菩萨行佛子正道》(Gateway for Conqueror Children)的说法:「因为菩提心不光是理论,在实际修行时,先修舍身财,学习舍财;甚至舍弃身体、性命作为实践布施波罗蜜多的因。」为什么发菩提心就一定要布施、做功德?寂天菩萨说:「舍尽则脱苦,吾心成涅槃;死时既须舍,何若生尽施。」这里很明显是说明:「透过完全的奉献才能达致涅槃(Nirvāṇa is attained by giving all)。」既然要完全奉献,这便包含了施身!「纵人戏我身,侵侮并讥讽,吾身既已施,云何复珍惜?」既然大家都以行动证明自己不单只停留在愿菩提心的层面,而是走向行菩提心;除了不跟别人争夺利益外,实际上亦应该把利益归向他人。如果做到唯利他人的行为后,寂天菩萨认为这位修行人可以正式发菩提心、守持菩萨戒1。要以实际行动说明你可以以慈悲心来利益他。发了菩提心之后,究竟如何守持菩萨戒呢?寂天菩萨会在〈不放逸〉和〈护正知〉两品详细地介绍。
(一)
欣乐而随喜:一切众有情,
息苦诸善行,得乐诸福报。
我以喜悦的心,随喜一切世间众生,能息除恶趣痛苦的种种善行,以及于善趣中享受快乐的福报。
Gladly do I rejoice in the virtue that relieves the misery of all those in unfortunate states and that places those with suffering in happiness.
(二)
随喜积善行:彼为菩提因。
随喜众有情:实脱轮回苦。
我随喜所有修行人积集走向涅槃的善行,这些善行是二乘菩提果之因;我也随喜一切有情,真实地解脱轮回痛苦,证得小乘菩提果。
I rejoice in that gathering of virtue that is the cause for (the Arhat’s) Awakening, I rejoice in the definite freedom of embodied creatures from the miseries of cyclic existence.
(三)
随喜佛菩提,及诸佛子地。
亦欣乐随喜:能与有情乐,
发心福善海,及诸饶益行。
我随喜诸佛所证得的无上菩提,以及菩萨圣众所修证的十地果德,亦欣悦地随喜那令有情获得安乐,发菩提心之福善大海,以及饶益有情的广大菩萨行。
I rejoice in the Awakening of the Buddhas and also in the spiritual levels of their Sons. And with gladness I rejoice in the ocean of virtue from developing an Awakening Mind that wishes all beings to be happy, as well as in the deeds that bring them benefit.
(四)
我于十方佛,合掌诚祈请:
为苦惑迷众,燃亮正法灯。
因此我双掌合什,并向安住四方的诸佛祈请:「请为那些在痛苦黑暗中摸索和迷惑的众生,点燃起正法的明灯!」
With folded hands, I beseech the Buddhas of all directions to shine the lamp of Dharma for all bewildered in misery’s gloom.
(五)
知佛欲涅槃,合掌速祈请!
住世无量劫,莫令世间迷。
在得知将进入涅槃的佛陀面前,我合掌向你们祈请,请不要让我们仍留在无明愚痴中;请你们在无穷无尽的岁月里,永远留在我们的身边!
With folded hands, I beseech the Conquerors who wish to pass away to please remain for countless aeons and not to leave the world in darkness.
(六)
如是诸观行 1,所积一切善,
以彼愿消除,有情一切苦。
以我透过七支供养的行为而积累的功德,愿每一个众生的一切痛苦,悉皆粉碎及毁灭!
Thus by the virtue collected through all that I have done, may the pain of every living creature be completely cleared away.
(七)
乃至众生疾,尚未疗愈前,
愿为医与药,并作看护士!
世间一切烦恼的众生,病苦未完全痊愈之前,愿我为他们的医生、看护及药物。
May I be the doctor and the medicine and may I be the nurse for all sick beings in the world until everyone is healed.
(八)
盼天降食雨,解除饥渴难,
于彼灾荒劫,愿成充饥食!
洒下饮食之甘露,愿我驱走饥渴之病苦。于饥荒收成短缺的岁月里,愿我变成食物和养料。
May a rain of food and drink descend to clear away the pain of thirst and hunger and during the aeon of famine may I myself changeinto food and drink.
(九)
为济贫困者,愿成无尽藏!
愿诸资生物,悉现彼等前!
对于贫穷苦难的众生,愿我变成最富足的财宝,躺于他们能触及的范围内,成为他们一切所需的来源。
May I become an inexhaustible treasure for those who are poor and destitute; may I turn into all things they could need and may these be placed close beside them.
(十)
为利有情故,不吝尽施舍:
身及诸受用,三世一切善。
故此,我的身体和身外一切资具,以及我已积累和将会积累的一切福德,总皆无余地奉献出来,利益一切众生。
Without any sense of loss I shall give up my body and enjoyments as well as all my virtues of the three times for the sake of benefiting all.
(十一)
舍尽则脱苦,吾心成涅槃。
死时既须舍,何若生尽施。
透过完全的奉献才能达致涅槃,涅槃就是我希求的目标。因此一切东西都必须舍,而最佳的做法就是送给他人。
By giving up all, sorrow is transcended and my mind will realize the sorrowless state. It is best that I now give everything to all beings in the same way as I shall at death.
(十二)
吾既将此身,随顺施有情,
一任彼欢喜,恒常打骂杀!
我要舍掉的这个身体,就用它来利乐一切众生。让他们杀掉它、击打它、奴役它,让他们尽情地利用它吧!
Having given this body up for the pleasure of all living beings, by killing, abusing and beating it may they always do as they please.
(十三)
纵人戏我身,侵侮并讥讽,
吾身既已施,云何复珍惜?
纵然他们当它如玩具,甚至成为他们无意义的笑柄,既然我已经将自己的身体奉献出来给他们了–如今对自己来说再也没有用处了。
Although they may play with my body and make it a source of jest and blame, because I have given it up to them, what is the use of holding it dear?
(十四)
一切无害业,令身力行之。
愿彼见我者,悉获众利益!
只要不伤害他们,就让众生利用它吧。无论何时能被他们看见,也希望能无误地利益他们。
Therefore I shall let them do anything to it that does not cause them any harm, and when anyone encounters me may it never be meaningless for him.
(十五)
若人因见我,生起信憎心;
愿彼恒成为,成办众利因!
假如看见我的人心存忿怒或信服之念,愿这些心念皆成为圆满他们的善业和愿望的因。
If in those who encounter me a faithful or an angry thought arises, may that eventually become the source for fulfilling all their wishes.
(十六)
愿彼毁我者,及余害我者,
乃至辱我者,皆具菩提缘。
其他对我冷落或不善的人,就算他们责怪或毁谤我也好,愿他们获得觉悟之功德。
May all who say bad things to me or cause me any other harm, and those who mock and insult me have the fortune to fully awaken.
(十七)
路人无依怙,愿为彼引导,
并作渡者舟,船筏与桥梁。
愿我为无人保护者之守护,旅客之向导。对于那些想渡河的人,愿我成为他们的船、桨和桥梁。
May I be protector for those without one, a guide for all travelers on the way; may I be a bridge, a boat and a ship for all who wish to cross (the water).
(十八)
求岛即成岛,欲灯化为灯,
觅床变作床,凡需仆从者,
我愿成彼仆。
愿我为寻洲者之岛,寻光亮者之灯;欲寻休息所的人的床;那些需要服侍的人,愿我成为他们的奴仆。
May I be an island for those who seek one and a lamp for those desiring light, may I be a bed for all who wish to rest and a slave for all who want a slave.
(十九)
愿成如意牛,妙瓶如意宝,
明咒及灵药,如意诸宝树!
愿我成为一个如意宝、一个宝瓶、一句具力的咒语和殊胜的疗术;愿我成为一株满愿树,为每一个众生成为一头与愿牛。
May I be a wishing jewel, a magic vase, powerful mantras and great medicine, may I become a wish-fulfilling tree and a cow of plenty for the world.
(二十)
如空及四大,愿我恒成为,
无量众有情,资生大根本!
大地和遍空的四大,容量广大如虚空,无量无尽的众生,愿我成为他们的大地和养份。
Just like space and the great elements such as earth, may I always support the life of all the boundless creatures.
(二十一)
迨至尽空际,有情种种界,
殊途悉涅槃,愿成资生因!
故此,对于生存在虚空边际内的每一条生命,愿我供给他们生命力和养份,直至他们超出痛苦的缠缚。
And until they pass away from pain may I also be the source of life for all the realms of varied beings that reach unto the ends of space.
(二十二)
如昔诸善逝,先发菩提心,
复此循序住,菩萨诸学处;
犹如过去具足觉悟心灵的诸佛,以及在诸圣菩萨的誓戒下,次第安住及修炼;
Just as the previous Sugatas gave birth to an Awakening Mind and just as they successively dwelt in the Bodhisattva practices.
(二十三)
如是为利生,我发菩提心;
复于诸学处,次第勤修学。
如是及为众生之利益,我也拥有这种心灵,以他们的誓戒,我将次第训练自己及将自己安住于这境界。
Likewise for the sake of all that live do I give birth to an Awakening mind, and likewise shall I too successively follow the practices.
(二十四)
智者如是持,净菩提心已,
复为增长故,如是赞彼心:
那么这个极净无瑕之心灵才能稳住,而且还会不止息地增长;已经发起这颗心的智者,当如祷文至诚地赞叹:
In order to further increase it from now on, those with discernment who have lucidly seized an Awakening Mind in this way, should highly praise it in the following manner:
(二十五)
「今生吾获福,善得此人身。
复生佛家族,今成如来子。
「今天,我的生命已变得很充实。这暇满人身已获得。今天,我投生于佛的行列,而且成为诸佛之子及眷属。
“Now my life is fruitful; having well obtained this human existence, I’ve been born in the family of Buddha, now I am one of Buddha’s Sons.
(二十六)
尔后我当为,宜乎佛族业,
慎莫染污此,无垢尊贵种。
因此,我将以任何的方式,实践一切符合这行列的行为。我绝不会对此崇高无谬误的传承作出任何毁损或屈服的事情。
Thus whatever actions I do from now on must be in accord with the family. Never shall I disgrace or pollute this noble and unsullied race.
(二十七)
犹如目盲人,废聚获至宝;
生此菩提心,如是我何幸!
皆因我是一个如同在垃圾堆中寻获宝贝的瞎子;就在一个偶然的机缘下,一颗觉悟的心灵竟然在我心内萌芽。
Just like a blind man discovered a jewel in a heap of rubbish, likewise by some coincidence an Awakening Mind has been born within me.
(二十八)
灭死胜甘露:即此菩提心,
除贫无尽藏:即此菩提心,
疗疾最胜药:亦此菩提心。
这是一支的军队,战胜残杀众生的死主;它是一个无误的宝库藏,能医治流浪者的贫困;它是极具效力的药疗,能圆满地灭除一切病苦。
It is the supreme ambrosia that overcomes the sovereignty of death. It is the inexhaustible treasure that eliminates all poverty in the world. It is the supreme medicine that quells the world’s disease.
(二十九)
彼为泊世途,众生休憩树。
复是能度桥,度众离恶趣。
它是休憩树,能为沉沦于生死道上感到厌倦的众生带来憩息。它是一切乘,能救度所有轮回众生脱离挫败的境界。
It is the tree that shelters all beings wandering and tired on the path of conditioned existence. It is the universal bridge that leads to freedom from unhappy states of birth.
(三十)
彼是除恼热,东升心中月。
复是璀璨日,能驱无知霾3。
从觉悟心灵升起的月亮,能抚慰烦恼之苦。它是一个强烈的太阳,能完全驱走轮回众生的昏暗和愚痴。
It is the dawning moon of the mind that dispels the torment of disturbing conceptions. It is the great sun that finally removes the misty ignorance of the world.
(三十一)
是拌正法乳,所出妙醍醐4。
它是香滑浓馥的醍醐,从殊胜的佛法牛奶中提炼出来。
It is the quintessential butter from the churning of the milk of Dharma.
(三十二)
于诸漂泊客,欲享福乐者,
此心能足彼,令住最胜乐。
有情众生啊!在生命路上行走的人,你们希望一尝心满意足的感觉,无上大乐如今就在你们面前–噢!无休止的流浪者,这就是你们的愿望了!
For all those guests travelling on the path of conditioned existence who wish to experience the bounties of happiness, this will satisfy them with joy and actually place them in supreme bliss.
(三十三)
今于一切怙主前,恳请众生为贵宾。
宴飨成佛及余乐,愿天非天皆欢喜!」
因此,在众怙主的见证下,我召唤所有众生,唤醒他们迈向佛地–直至他们达致这境界前,一直享受世间的快乐!愿天及非天,以及其他六道的众生,悉皆为此而随喜!」
Today in the presence of all the Protectors I invite the world to be guests at a festival of temporary and ultimate delights, may gods, demi-gods and all be joyful.”
第三品完
第三讲完
注释
1 寂天菩萨依龙树菩萨的中观派(Mādhyamika)传统,而龙树菩萨的菩萨戒则根据《虚空藏菩萨经》(Ākāśagarbha-sūtra);经文除了规定行者于黎明前向虚空藏菩萨祈请外,若是违犯了菩萨戒的话,便要早晚各三次诵读大乘《三聚忏悔经》(Triskandhaka-sūtra,亦名《舍利弗悔过经》),净障忏悔。对一般人来说,较容易违犯的过患有八条:
(1) 对根器未成熟的人宣说空性,令他们趣向声闻道(Śrāvaka path)。
(2) 对大乘根器的人说「修大乘不能解脱」,使这人离开大乘法门而转趣小乘(develop the Hinayāna motivation)。
(3) 勉强别人例如说放弃比丘别解脱戒(prātimoksa),去接受大乘修行。
(4) 对别人说小乘教法无用,没有能力消除烦恼;修小乘法也不能解脱和证得涅槃,让别人退转而脱离小乘。
(5) 为嫉妒所制(overpowered by jealousy),自赞毁他。
(6) 为了世间名利供养,宣扬自己德行(promoting oneself)。
(7) 教唆治罚比丘僧(bhiksu)。
(8) 偷窃出离止静修行者(practitioner of meditative concentration)的财物,给予唯唱颂愿文(merely engaged in prayer-recitation ceremonies)的法师。因此举令禅修者放弃三摩地(samādhi)修持。
2 指礼拜、忏罪和随喜等七支供养。这里指七种传统积集功德的行为(通常以偈颂形式表达);分别是:礼拜、献供、忏罪、随喜善行、请开示佛法、请佛住世且不入涅槃和回向功德。首三项是上一品的内容,而在这一品的前部份说及后四项。
3 霾:音迷。悬浮于大气中的烟尘等微粒所造成的混浊空气的现象。
4 醍醐:音提胡;从牛奶提炼出来的精华,用来比喻最高的佛法。
应用讨论问题
一)末法时期的修行人,最大的毛病是甚么?你觉得要怎样对治?
二)试述三士道随喜意趣及其功德。为什么同一随喜,寂天菩萨要分三个层面来说?
三)在佛陀传略中,哪些人请佛转*轮及请佛不涅槃?试分别略说其功德。
四)历来修行人都着重善根回向,试引述巴楚仁波切之教言以证明。
五)在《入菩萨行》中,寂天菩萨特别提醒我们对疾病、饥饿和贫困的众生作特别回向,试分析说明!
六)修行人在日常若遇到其他有情侵害、侮辱讥讽、戏弄等,该如何调伏自心?试以小乘沙门四法和大乘四行印证其理。
七)寂天菩萨重视利他,提出「一切无害业」。巴楚仁波切和博多瓦格西都重视不伤害众生一根毫毛,试述这道理。
八)巴楚仁波切说过:「发菩提心是八万四千法门心要汇集。如同如意宝珠,有此则一切具足,无有此心,则不能证得等觉之位。」
文中以灭死甘露、除贫无尽藏、疗疾最胜药来形容菩提心的珍贵,请详细说明。
九)有很多人都以为菩提心即是慈悲心,你认为后者能包涵前者吗?试以寂天菩萨日、月比喻为菩提心,说明并纠正此说。
十)《入菩萨行》前三品共一百三十一颂,是引导未生起菩提心者生起菩提心。试分析这三品的文章结构,以说明巴楚仁波切常以此为一单元传授给俗家弟子的原因。