To Do the Wholesome：Buddhist Thought and Enterprise’s Harmonious Development
众善奉行——佛教思想与企业的和谐发展
Sakya, Ruxiang, Minnan
如祥
闽南佛学院学生
Abstract: the enterprise is an important part of economic market in a country. Thereby, the key to enterprise harmony is internal management. But what annoys us is how to harmonize the enterprise? In this paper, through the Buddhism “Dependent Origination theory” recognizes ourselves; through the thought of “Everyone Equality” and “Six Harmonies” operate the heart of people; through the “Four Immeasurables” pays respect for the country and establishes a harmonious enterprise.
内容摘要：企业是国家的重要经济市场，所以企业能否和谐关键在于内部的管理。那么怎么样来和谐企业呢？本文以佛教的缘起论认识自己，以人人平等、六和敬思想经营人心，以四无量思想心来报国土恩, 来构建和谐企业。
Key words: Dependent Origination Equality Six HarmoniesFour Immeasurables
关键词：缘起论 人人平等 六和敬 四无量心
As we all know, building a harmonious society and a harmonious world is the common goal and ideal of all human beings. While whole harmony is impossible to exist alone if separating from unit harmony. To be a composition cell of social economy, being harmonious in enterprise plays micro-foundation role for building a harmonious society. While, for state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises which hold the lifeline of the national economy and have an important effect on country’s economy security, it is a more important foundation of building a harmonious society. But what annoys us is how to harmonize the enterprise. Buddhism is the very way to offer treasure of thought to a harmonious enterprise.
众所周知，构建和谐社会，和谐世界是全人类共同的理想和目标。而整体的和谐是不能离开个体的和谐而存在的。作为社会经济的组成细胞，企业的和谐对和谐社会的构建有着微观基础的作用。对于掌握着国民经济命脉、对国家经济安全和社会安全有着重要影响的国有大中型企业来说，其和谐更是构建和谐社会的一个重要基础。那么如何和谐企业呢？佛教正是为企业的和谐提供了思想法宝。
From the title, we can see Buddhism is regarded as a way of Supra-mundane and liberation by our habitual thought, and then how is it related with an enterprise? The first thing is the meaning of corporation culture. What does the corporation mean? It means that in a certain condition, the enterprise, as well as staff, has gradually formed the common ideal, style, value idea and code of conduct with learning and practicing in production and operation, which is a faith and behavior way in personality characteristic. As a matter of fact, from this definition, we find it is one kind of active mental and conceptive management. Also, Buddhism puts much emphasis on the enterprises’ ideal. In Buddha’s period, the Sangha built by Buddha is with the enterprise’s spirit of well-organization and magnificent programme; in Tang Dynasty, Venerable Mazu creating the Buddhist Monastery and Venerable Baichang making monastic rules has a thought of enterprise; in contemporary times, Venerable Taixu regulated the rules of Sangha, which also embodies the spirit of enterprise. In other words, the word of corporation is with social moderation, with uncertainty only to refer the social industrial and commercial enterprise. Therefore, Buddhism does not separate itself from the worldly society, but is one kind of education that guides to enlightenment. Thus, we believe that the integration of the Buddhism thought to operate the enterprise will enable the enterprise to become more harmonious, and at the same time, will lay the foundation for building a harmonious society and promoting economic society to move on to a process of better and faster development.
一看这个题目，人们就以惯有的想法认为佛教是出世间法、解脱法，怎么会跟企业挂上钩呢？其实不然，我们来看什么叫企业文化？企业文化，是指在一定环境下，企业及其员工在学习和生产经营实践中，逐渐形成的共同理想、作风、价值观念和行为准则，是一种具有企业个性特征的信念和行为方式。其实，从这个定义当中我们看出企业是心智的活动，理念的管理。而佛教也是相当重视企业理念的。佛陀当初创建僧团就是本着有组织、有计划的企业精神而成立的；唐代马祖创丛林、百丈立清规也是具有企业思想；近代太虚大师整理僧伽制度，就是企业精神的展现。也就是说企业不一定是社会的工商业，它是社会现代化的名词。所以佛教是不离世间法的，它是一种指导人们走向觉悟的教育思想。所以我们有理由相信如果企业家融合佛教思想管理企业，将会促进企业和谐发展，同时为构建和谐社会奠定基础，推进社会经济的发展。
The most important thing whether developing harmoniously in enterprise is internal operation and external support. And the embodiment of internal operation is that an operator is one whose own quality has been improved by Dependent Origination theory in Buddhism. With “Everyone’s Equality” and “Six Harmonies”, can help the operator to cultivate the staff, as well as to solve the contradiction between operators and staff. In external support, the enterprise by the Four Immeasurables “Loving kindness, Compassion, Joy and Generosity” in Buddhism thought benefits the social groups and repay the country.
企业能否和谐发展关键在于内部的管理和外部的支持，内部的管理体现在管理员以佛教缘起论提高自身的素质和才能，以“人人平等”、“六和敬”来帮助管理员培养员工以及解决管理员和员工的矛盾。外部的支持是企业以佛教“慈悲喜舍”的思想利益社会群体、报答国家。
1.With the dependent origination recognition ourselves
一.用佛教缘起论来认识自己
In social life, human’s behavior, at a large extent, is dominated by his mood and sentiment. It is what kind of emotions and feeling are that will frequently lead to sorts of behaviors. Similarly, in the career of enterprise, since management activity is a kind of systematic behavior, it has to be subject to the impact between moods and emotions. While to be an excellent manager, he must be endowed with a considerable degree of emotional intelligence. That is to say, emotional intelligence is an essential quality which the operator should be satisfied with. There is a study indication by psychologists that: one will be a person with great wisdom if he can control and overcome his emotion. While Dependent Origination theory in Buddhism makes us completely understand all phenomena, not only to the analysis of all things in the world, but also to the penetration of human beings’ emotion.
在社会生活中，人的行为在很大程度上受人的情绪和感情的支配，什么样的情绪和感情则往往使人产生什么样的行为。同样地，在企业生涯中，管理活动既然是一种系统的行为，那么它必须受情绪和感情的影响。而要作为一名优秀的管理者，则必须具备相当程度的情商。也就是说情商是管理员应具备的基本素质。心理学家研究表明：谁若能自控情绪、战胜情绪，则他具有特别的智慧。
And what is the Dependent Origination by mean? The Dependent Origination refers that all phenomena arises due to kinds of conditions, namely everything arises due to causes and conditions, and all phenomena ceases to exist also due to causes and conditions, the form of which manifests is changing constantly and illusion, with nothing kept lasting for ever, but with everything kept arising or eliminating from a moment to the other next.
而佛教的缘起论则能使一个人充分地了解一切事物，不单是对一切事物的剖析，更是对人心里情绪的看透。缘散则灭，表现出其形态就是幻化无常的，没有一样事物能永恒存在，刹那生刹那灭。
Hence, as the Diamond Sutra saying: “all phenomena due to causes and conditions is one just like dream illusion, visionary, dew and electricity. And we have to penetrate it accurately. ” Even though our mind is the same, the form that is empty which means everything is not real. If knowledgeable of the Dependent Origination, we are likely to clearly take insight ourselves emotions changing from a moment to a moment, without a mind attached, just like enjoyment, hatred, grief and happiness that stimulate our inner mind by external environment. Thus, the emotion is only a one of active mind in our consciousness. That is because all phenomena depending on causes and conditions is original one, itself with nothing thought or mind attached, rather is approached by our greed, anger and ignorance. Take for an example, external environment, itself not having like and dislike, but makes us exited when it accords with our inner greed. In contrast, it makes us irritated when corresponsible with our hatred. In fact, it is unknowledgeable about the essence of all phenomena and our mind that our emotion is changeable. Therefore, should an operator understand the Dependent Origination completely, he will bring his emotion under control, and his emotion realization, encouraging himself to display vigor at any time. Anymore, he is prepared to take the initiative with great passion. Even more, he is able to know about the other’s sentiment, namely he is a person with his ability to observe other people feelings clearly, along with the other’s behavior in the domination of the emotions.
所以《金刚经》云：一切有为法，如梦幻泡影，如露亦如电，应作如是观。即便是我们的观念也是刹那生灭，其形相是空的，找不到一个实体。如果了知缘起论，我们能够清楚地观到自己的情绪刹那生灭，没有一念可以让我们抓住，喜怒哀乐只是外面的环境刺激了我们的内心，所以它只是意识中的一个跳动的念头。原本依他起的外在事物是没有任何思想观念附着的，而是由我们内心的贪、嗔、痴给外在事物加上了概念。如环境它本身无好坏，但刺激了我们内心的贪念，我们心生欢喜，相反与内心的嗔恨心相应，我们会苦恼。其实，会让我们喜怒无常，也是因为我们没有充分认识外在事物以及内心的根本。所以一个管理员如果了知缘起论，他会控制自己的情绪，认识自己的情绪，自我激励，随时激励自己振作精神，乐观向上而不受其他因素影响。甚至能认知他人的情绪，即能够察颜观色，清楚地了解对方的情绪以及在这种情绪支配下可能做出的行为。
In the life of the enterprise, there are so many unpredictable fluctuations in market force. An operator will have a clear and peaceful mind if comprehending his emotion thoroughly, not being affected by the external environment under his temper. Not by habitual mind but by the perspective of Dependent Origination to insight everything, He will look into the future of enterprise tendency, seizing lucky chance, creating the opportunity to develop the enterprise and knowing much about how to grasp the enterprise in fast changing things; what’s more, by keen-sighted penetration to the dramatically changing market economy, other than his own supposition or pell-mell development, he makes a wise and farsighted strategy, regulating a long-range and accurate objective, which is either accordant with the demand of enterprise, even adaptable to the value-orientation and mode of thinking in the need of economic globalization, or considerable the benefits of the subordinates with doing good service for them in any case and following with the interest of what consumers want at any time. As a result, he will enjoy the support of his subordinates and social groups. Tempering ourselves in a hard struggle and doing mindful of possible danger in time of peace can be able to keep our mind purified whatever has happened surrounding us. To remain indifferent whether granted favors of subjected to humiliation — Unmoved either by gain or loss, and to free from arrogance and rashness by peaceful mind can help the enterprise to be accommodating nimbly and to steadily pass different time during the crisis and the prosperous period, which aids to establish its long-term development. Actually, this is also expressed by “wisdom”(— to attach something also to get rid of it)which is one study of Three Studies in Buddhism.
在企业生活中，市场瞬息万变。一个管理员能了知自己的情绪，善于控制情绪不受外在影响，他的念头就特别清晰，不会以固有的观念而是用缘生缘灭的角度看待事物，即以发展的眼光认识企业发展，抓住机缘、创造机会发展企业，懂得在变化的事物中把握企业；不以主观来臆断或盲目瞎做而以锐眼观察市场经济的变化，做出睿智的决策，立定长远正确的目标，制定决策时既能符合企业的要求，乃至适应经济全球化要求的价值取向和思维方式，又能处处考虑到部下的利益，为广大员工做好事、办实事，时刻关注顾客需要什么，他就生产什么，这样就会得到部下的拥戴和社会群体的支持。于一切境遇中安住，于逆境中磨练心智，顺境里也安不忘危，宠辱不惊、不骄不躁的平和心态会帮助企业灵活变通，助其平稳地度过危机与鼎盛的不同时期，建立其长远的发展。这其实也是佛教三学中的“慧—提得起，放得下”的表现。
2.With the Buddhism “Everyone Equality” operating the heart of people and with “Tolerance perfection” and “Six Harmonies” promoting group spirits
二.以佛教“人人平等”来经营人心，以“忍辱度”、“六和敬”来促进团队精神
In the managing enterprise, each ministry of organization is a group of numerous and complicated personal relationship constituted by kinds of people. If abnormal to make an exchange our thought message between superior leader and subordinates, or colleagues relationships, our organized exchange chain will be interrupted and each member will become estranged so that this inner organization enhancing the development of group spirit is far from satisfaction. A series of problem such as human-centered, resolution of human beings system and the way how to play a perfect role in the group spirit have already become the core issue of managing theory and practice in 21st century.
在企业管理中，每个组织内部，都是由形形色色的人构成的一个纷繁复杂的人际关系群体，上、下级之间，同事之间若不能进行正常的思想信息的交流，则会使组织信息链条中断，人员之间的关系疏远，组织内部就不可能有团队精神的产生。以人为本，解决人的系统问题和如何使团队精神发挥极致已成为21世纪管理理论与实践的核心问题。
Now that “Dependent Origination theory” is the essential thought of Buddhism, then “Everyone Equality” is being built on the basis of the “Dependent Origination theory”. From this principle it is shown that not only does external environment arise or eradicate caused by causes and conditions, but also our body form also is built up owing to kinds of causes and conditions. Thus, no matter how rich or poor, noble or humble, everyone to suffer the birth, sickness, old age and death is equal in front of impermanent phenomenon; no one can escape from this principle of causes and conditions. Hence, each person living in the world no more than plays different effect on their life, with no one dominated or created. It is also to be shown in Buddhism thought “Everyone Equality”. All people, from the highest levels of business leader to the lowest level of the corporate executives, are all equal, only difference in assignment. There is not distinguished between personality and privileges, so all people are important in their jobs. Reflected in the corporate management is to “human-centered” management. To encourage the staff to take the initiative in their work and to finish it efficiently, we have to observe keenly each worker’s potential ability or take accurate measure to help them ordinary education or vocational training, as well as their healthy quality examination.
“缘起论”既是佛教的核心思想，那么“人人平等”正是建立在“缘起论”的基础上的。从缘起论的原理可以看出，外在的事物依种种条件生成或变坏，我们的“色身”也是由种种因素和合而成的，所以无论贫富贵贱在生老病死无常现象面前是平等的，无一人可以逃脱因缘法则。来到世界上的每个人只不过是发挥着其不同的作用价值，没有谁是主宰者，或创造者。即佛教讲的“人人平等”。从企业的最高层领导者，到企业的最低层执行者，所有的人都是平等的，只有分工的不同，没有人格与特权的差别。所以每个人在其岗位都发挥着重要的作用。反映在企业管理上的就是以“人为中心”的管理。要员工能很好地且积极地完成其工作就要观察每个员工的潜在能力或对他们进行普通教育、职业培训以及对员工的健康素质的测试。
By the “Everyone Equality” of the Buddhism thought, in candidates and assignment, we should insist on “people-centered”, which emphasis on workers’ ideas, ethics, values and behavior that should be placed on the core position in the enterprise management. Moreover, what’s selected and trained in the enterprise is the right person to be arranged for appropriate posts depending on workers’ different abilities and personal characteristics. In addition, choose suitably incentive way so as to stimulate the staff a strong sense of mission and responsibility with the guide them the right thought and cultivation excellent workers, increasing common development between employees and enterprises. This management which embodies humane care, respect and love everywhere, is to place the human being on the main status of the enterprise management. It is a good point that the workers have a sense of admit and destination and consciousness to reduce the exhaustion for the enterprise by efficient work and harmonious cooperation. As a matter of fact, no doubt this is intended to show the manager’s capability to farsighted and considerable emotional intelligence. For instance, the Dongfang Steam Turbine Com. Ltd. distributes the staff departments of jobs in accordance with the actual capacity, continuously upgrades conscious participation and creative motivation of party members and workers, takes the initiative in innovation, attracts and cultivates the fruit of the development between enterprise and staff, at the same time, advances the harmonious development of the enterprise.
用佛教“人人平等”的思想，在选人、任人上要坚持以人为中心，强调员工的理想、道德、价值观和行为规范在企业管理中的核心地位。根据员工每人的能力、性格特点，选拔、培养适合的人，安排合适的岗位，并选择适合的激励手段，从而激发员工强烈的使命感和责任感，给员工疏导正见，培养出色的员工，促进员工与企业的共同发展。这种管理处处体现人文关怀，尊重人，爱护人，就是把人放在企业管理的主体地位上。这样员工对企业有认同和归宿感，帮助企业减少内耗，有效运动，和谐合作。同时也是一个管理者有发展的眼光和具备相当程度的情商的一个体现。如东方汽轮机有限公司根据员工的实际能力分配部门或工作岗位，而且不断提升党员和职工的参与意识和创造动力、积极创新，吸引、培养和稳定人才队伍机制，实现了企业与职工共享发展成果，推动了企业和谐发展。
Still, the interpersonal relationship should be laid emphasis on when stressing on the cultivation to the staff’s ability. In the management, a range of problems is obvious to be out: how to treat the workers or other people fairly with tolerance? How to make them more confident? How to get along with other people or promote friendly relations? So, how to bring the group spirit perfect facilitation? There is a well known adult educator in America called Deir Kanekey, he thinks: great success in his career which a person can attain is only 15% according to his profession, what’s more important is interpersonal relationship and technique occupied 85%. As pointed out by Kanekey, interpersonal relationship is the key point whether the enterprise can develop harmoniously. This is also seen as a contradiction that is difficult to solve between the employers and employees in the enterprise. In dealing with what is hateful, Buddhism teaches us that we must bear in mind the Buddhist spirit of patience, forbearance, loving-kindness and compassion, making the best use of hatred whilst not behaving in a tit for tat manner. At this point, I think it is important to be clear that Buddhism places its primary emphasis upon the direct existence in the first place and emphasizes the direct first-hand experience of the individual. It is, before, a practice of self-training or self-cultivation. Strictly speaking, Buddhism is not involved in Sociology, it rarely analyzes things from a Sociological perspective—what this or that group of people should or should not do when dealing with another group. More often, it expounds upon what we should or should not do as individuals. Had we applied the idea of “requiting hatred” to social life, people would have thought us unable to draw a clear distinction between right and wrong. However, Buddhist teachings emphasize what we, as individuals, should do, and how we, as individuals, ought to behave. Following the practical path of moral and mental training, so long as everybody tackles his or he r own problems—no matter whether big or small, and reaches a compromise with others, our society will be naturally stabilized and naturally consolidated. People will, in turn, live harmoniously together and social morality will be improved. In terms of “purifying our Mind and harmonizing our society”, everybody has to do his or her bit as well as possible, making it the standard of conduct. The Buddhist emphasis is on taking actions as an individual, right now at this very moment. The “way to requite hatred”, therefore, seems passive but is actually a very active method. It can be used both to tackle the conflict between oneself and others, and between right and wrong.
重视对员工能力的培养的同时还要注重人际关系：“如何宽厚待人？如何培养人的自信心？和如何进行人与人之间的沟通？”才能促使团队精神发挥更佳？美国著名的成人教育学家戴尔•卡耐基认为，一个人事业的成功，只有15％是由于他的专业技术，另外的85％要靠人际关系、处事技巧。从卡耐基的说法看出人际关系也是企业能否和谐发展的关键。这往往也是管理员与员工难以解决的矛盾。对待矛盾，佛教要我们有忍辱(佛教“六度”中的“一度”)的精神、忍让的精神、包容的精神、化解的精神，不要针锋相对。顺便说一下，佛教的思想学说，是以人为本，从人出发，从个人出发，它是对个人身心性命的修养。严格来说，它不是社会学说，所以它没有详讲到这个群体对待那个群体应该怎么样，而更多地是讲我们个人应该怎样。如果我们把这个思想用在生活上，那别人会抓我们的辫子，说我们敌我不分。但是佛教是告诉我们每个人应该怎么做，每个人把自己个人之间的矛盾化解了，大事化小，小事化了，社会自然就会安定团结，人际关系自然就会和谐，社会风气也会逐步地有所改善。所谓净化人心、祥和社会是要从每个人做起，然后形成一种风气。所以佛教的一切精神是重在从我做起、从现在做起、从当下做起，所以忍辱心看似消极、实际上最为积极，可以用它来化解一切人我是非矛盾。
Anther point is, in the internal management of the enterprise, that it is insufficient to operate the enterprise by only the operator; also it needs the harmonious or common thought of each members who attends in the company. In Buddhist teachings, obviously, “Six Harmonies” of Sangha administration has played a guiding role for the establishment of a modern harmonious enterprise. And what is “Six Harmonies” by mean? It means harmony of beings—or say, bodily harmony (unity) in form of worship, harmony of speech—or oral unity in chanting, harmony of aims—or mental unity in faith, harmony of morality—or moral unity in observing the precepts, harmony of view—or doctrinal unity in views, harmony of benefit—or economic unity in community of goods, deeds, studies or charity.
但在企业内部管理中，只有管理员一个人来管理企业是不够的，还要有众人和谐的思想制度。而佛教僧团管理上的“六和敬”对于建立现代和谐企业起了指导作用。什么叫“六和敬”？“六和敬”就是身和同住，口和无诤，意和同悦，戒和同修，见和同解，利和同均。
(1) Harmony of Being means that Sangha all exist or live in harmony, so basically they try not to violate the right of any other people within this community, so it is all about respect and understanding, respect and tolerance. That is to say, everyone does not attack and violate each other.
1.身和同住是指僧团都过着和谐的生活，不去侵犯团体里的任何人，所以他们是互相尊重、理解和宽容。即大家在一起不能发生人身的相互攻击与侵犯。
(2) Harmony of Speech means they trap again along harmony with the same what they say, so they will be no arguments and they all beings harmony about what they say. But it is mutual consensus in mind, which can be able to make speech harmonious.
2.口和无诤是指达到沟通上的和谐，所以就没有争执，语言都是和谐的，但要内心的见解相互一致，才有可能做到言语的不起争论。
(3) Harmony of Aims refers that all they have the same aims, so the members of Sangha try to achieve this aim in harmonies ways. That is the common pleasure in mind which attains the common enjoyment to achieve the common goal.
3.意和同悦是指他们有相同的目标，僧团的成员以和谐达到共有的目标。即心意的共同欣悦，为了达到共同的目标所得的共同喜悦。
(4) Harmony of Morality is defined that all agree to uphold the same moral principles, so everyone is equal from this principle and nobody has any privilege. Therefore, everyone has to be required to comply with the corresponding rules and regulations that can be bound to play the best effect.
4.戒和同修，他们遵守着相同的戒律，所以在戒律面前人人平等，没有一个人有任何特权。也只有大家都一起遵守相应的规章制度，这个规章制度才能发挥最佳的约束效应。
(5). Harmony of View is said that all agree to be in harmony in their thoughts, views and ideals. A group goal will go to the same, only a unified opinion.
5.见和同解是指思想的统一，共同的理想和观点。一个团体目标一致，见解才会统一。
(6). Harmony of Benefits tells us that they all live in the same way, so nobody in this community has more than anyone else; therefore, it is an equal sharing of living goods basically, which can be reasonable to strengthen the development of harmonious group.
6.利和同均是指他们依着相同的方式生活，所以团体的每一个人都不能比谁拥有更多利益，也是物质上的均衡分配，分配均等合理能促进团体的和谐发展。
As a matter of fact, the “Six Harmonies” is also the manifestation of “tolerance perfection”. If the corporation is run by the “Six Harmonies”, it will play a positive role in the enterprise in order to strengthen the “self-management” capabilities, and to carry forward the spirit of “team-cooperation”. Simply to say that by harmonious action, harmonious speech and harmonious thoughts build a good interpersonal relationship; by tolerance and sincere heart to treat other people help push forward the harmonious development of the enterprise.
“六和敬”思想其实也是“忍辱心”的体现。一个企业如果能运用佛教的“六和敬”管理企业，对内部“自我管理”能力地提高，和“团队协作”精神地发扬发挥着积极的作用。简单的讲就是以“行美，言美，意美”来建立良好的人际关系，以和待人，以诚待人，促进企业的和谐发展。
3. With the four immeasurables of “loving-kindness, compassion, joy and equanimity” benefiting sentient beings as a corporation ethics and code of conduct
三.以“慈悲喜舍”利世作为企业道德行为准则
Seen from the “Dependent Origination theory”, “Everyone Equality” in Buddhism thought, the Four Immeasurables of “loving-kindness, compassion, joy and equanimity” is more established on the basis of the two. “Loving-kindness to happiness, compassion to elimination the suffering, joy to giving fearlessness and generosity to no self” —just like Buddhist sutra saying: “All sentient beings are regarded as the roots, Buddha and Bodhisattva considered as the fruits, benefiting sentient being by the water with compassion, which can make Buddha and Bodhisattva achieve the wisdom that is compared as the fruit.” What’s told is that Bodhisattva achieving the Buddha hood is attained by the sentient beings. In the career of the enterprise, the enterprise can be developed harmoniously, which is largely due to the workers’ cooperation, the support of group society and country. Therefore, to pay respect for the society and country, by “compassion, loving-kindness, joy and generosity” is seen as a company’s ethics and code of conduct.
从“缘起论”、“人人平等”的佛教思想看出，其实佛教的四无量心“慈悲喜舍”更是建立在两者的基础上的。“慈予乐”、“悲拔苦”、“喜无畏”、“舍无得”—佛经云：“一切众生而为树根，诸佛菩萨而为花果，以大悲水饶益众生，则能成就诸佛菩萨智慧花果。”也就是说菩萨能成就佛果是众生成就的。而在企业生涯中，企业能够和谐发展，都是员工的配合、社会群体的拥戴和国家的支持，所以要以“慈悲喜舍”作为其道德行为准则来报答社会和国家恩。
“Loving kindness to happiness” —giving a happiness to sentient beings is reflected to say that excellent and reasonable goods is in urgent need to the consumers in the market force. It embodies that integrity is deemed as the basic principles for doing business, and is of the most important premise in business. What “excellent and reasonable goods” means is that the price of commodity accords with the quality of commodity. Not only the price is equitable, but also the quality is perfect. Being awareness of the product, we don’t pass fake imitation for genuine or pass off the false as genuine and impose on the customers. As an old saying: “Don’t worry about customers not coming to buy your goods as long as your goods win the praise”. Hence, in the administration of operating the company, integrity is fundamental in developing enterprise. For example, there was a businessman doing something business about pepper named Liu Yinggang in Qing Dynasty. One day, he purchased 800 tams pepper with a contact by being introduced to the supplier. In consequence, some day, Liu identified that the peppers had something poison in it. The news to be transmitted to the original, he was frightened that amour was uncovered, and that he fell into discredit, so he would like to recover the full price of goods in suspension the contact. However, to avoid the original seller selling them to the consumers and doing harm to the others, Liu Yinggang did not return these goods; rather he brought this poison pepper which he bought completely under control and destroyed them at any cost. Shown from this story, it demonstrates that integrity is considered as the criterion of a person with quite accomplishment, meanwhile, is the basis of construction a harmonious society. As what’s pointed out by a professor Peter Drucker: “A large number and wide range of practice has proved that in the different stages of development of enterprise, corporation culture with regulated again is to push the development of the enterprise forward; but to be a core valuable idea of the enterprise, integrity will last forever, which is the cornerstone of corporation culture and center competitiveness of the enterprises.” So, integrity to the consumers is to give loving kindness to the sentient beings. It is only being honest and trustworthy that enterprises can not only have more broad market prospects and stead management style, but also the cornerstone of a harmonious society.
“慈以乐”—给众生之乐，在商场上就是对消费者要“货真价实”，其体现的是要以信义为经商基本原则，是做好买卖的首要前提。所谓“货真价实”就是商品要价值、质量相符，不仅价格公道实在，而且质量完善纯真。不能以此充好，以假充真，欺骗顾客。俗话说得好：“只要货赢人，不愁客不来。”所以在企业运营管理上，诚信是企业发展的根本。清代商人刘莹刚做的是胡椒生意。他经人介绍与一供货商签约购进了800担胡椒。而后辨别出这批胡椒有毒。原卖主听说后，惟恐奸情败露，毁及自己的名声，想以原价收回全部货品、中止契约。然而刘莹刚不惜成本把这批有毒的胡椒全部摧毁，以免这批胡椒卖主“他售而害人”。我们从中知道诚信可以看出一个人修养的程度，也是构建企业和谐的基础。管理学大师彼得.德鲁克曾经指出：“大量而广泛的实践证明，在企业的不同发展阶段，企业文化再造是推动企业前进的原动力，但是企业诚信作为企业核心价值观是万古长存的，它是企业文化与企业核心竞争力的基石”。对消费者诚信就是给众生之乐。只有诚实守信才能使企业有更广阔的市场前景和稳健的经营风格，也是和谐社会的基石。
“Compassion to elimination suffering” —to help the sentient beings free from the suffering, “joy to fearlessness” —to give the sentient being fearlessness, the two reflected to the society is a career of doing good service for others. When the sentient beings are confronted by kinds of diseases and frightened things, a person will be able to give his money or his comfort to the need help of people; or when being faced with various kinds of troubles or worries or pressure in the life of working, this changeable emotion will have a bad effect on working, even do any thing harm to other people. Obviously, Giving Fearlessness is the very way to comfort and care for those who have many troubles and help them remove from anxiety and irritability. Actually, concern and bless in the mind or a given smile is invisible equanimity. Mr Ruodon and his wife, the “Computer King” of the United States, have a large villa where there is used to meet tens of thousands of donators and visitors. However, they decided to donate their money to the community charities and helped develop the arts; Furthermore, they, setting up more than one of the foundations, subsidized the Museum of Art, museum, newspaper with financial difficulties as well as education. In truth, we are shown that for them, doing a great charity don’t have any impact on the accumulation of capital, but strengthen their power; moreover, they have more prosperous business and fertile family, which is far more than their previous investment. At the same time, they are more admired than any other businessmen, and upgrade their own status in the community business.
“悲拔苦”、—拔众生之苦；“喜无畏”—给众生无畏，两者体现在社会上就行慈善事业。当众生有种种灾难怖畏之事，将自己的钱财施舍给需要帮助的人；或在工作生活中遇到的种种烦恼、压力，不良情绪等影响工作甚至伤害到人，以无畏的精神安慰他们，帮助他们免去内心的怖畏去除不安与烦躁。其实默默地关怀与祝福，给人笑脸也是无形的布施。美国的“计算机大王”若顿夫妇，其庞大的别墅每年接待成千上万的募捐者和参观者。夫妇俩他们决定将他们的钱财贡献给社会的慈善事业，并扶助艺术方面的新生力量；他们成立了不止一个的基金会，来资助艺术馆、博物馆、财政困难的报社和儿童救助以及教育事业使社会大众能长期对这个企业放心和有忠诚。其实我们也从中看得出他们的善举并未因此而影响其资本的积累，他们的势力反而更壮大，商业更昌隆，家庭更富饶，远远超过了其先前的投资。同时获得好名誉，提高了自己在商界的地位。
“Generosity to no self” is to do service for society or the consumers with nothing attached in our mind by no self, listening to carefully and patiently what they mind, satisfying with their need in no time, and doing good service for them in sincere heart. There is a saying in The Diamond Sutra: “keep our mind from attaching forms or external environment, from voice, smell, taste, touching and all phenomena (five dusts—form, voice, smell, taste, touching is laid into our mind). Observing anything in peaceful mind without attachment.” A Japanese scholar Yitengzhao once said: “No Japanese entrepreneur who is sophisticated does not get through The Analects of Confucius and Daodejing. Supposed to say, if most entrepreneurs in the world, besides reading The Analects of Confucius and Daodejing, having a deep search of Buddha Sutra will have more knowledgeable about what the true purpose of being a human and doing business. And then competition is not only a characteristic of market economy, but integrity, humbleness, mutual interest and win-win will be a dharma treasure that makes the promise of enterprise much better”.
“舍无得”—为社会服务时心不生有为消费者施舍的心，时时倾听他们的心声，及时地满足他们的需求，真实地为他们服务。金刚经云：“不应住色生心，不应住声香味触法生心，应无所住而生其心。”日本学者伊藤肇也曾指出：“日本企业家只要稍有水平的，无不熟读《论语》和《道德经》。可以设想，如果世界上多数企业家除熟读《论语》和《道德经》外，还能深入佛教经藏，真正理解做人成事的真实意义，那么，竞争不再是市场经济唯一的特色，诚信、谦和、互利、共赢才是通达企业美好愿景的法宝。”
Thereby, if a company integrates with the Four Immeasureables “loving kindness, compassion, joy and equanimity” as the company ethics and code of conduct, it will obtain the support of society and country. In reality, this is a kind of distillation of the enterprise.
所以企业如果能以佛教的四无量心“慈悲喜舍”作为企业道德行为准则，就能够得到社会群体的拥戴和国家的支持。这其实也是企业的一种升华。
In short, what’s mentioned above, Buddhism thought itself possesses transcendent thought, by which establishes the harmonious enterprise. Fully aware of all phenomena that arises due to causes and conditions and ceases to exist also due to causes and conditions, observing no realistic mind, enlightening the thought of “Everyone Equality” in front of impermanence, why are we worried about the management? Why are we keeping hateful to other people? Why are we irritated with the consumers not coming? Moreover, knowledgeable of the Dependent Origination theory, we will obey the rules and behave ourselves, make our mind purified. By the heart of equality and peaceful mind, we do wholesome to every one, care for, praise and encourage the staff, being honest to other people in society and doing charity for society. Why are we not happy to do that? A distinguish built on the equality and a harmony based on the distinction, is just the harmonious road of a modern enterprise.
综上所述，佛教思想它本身就具有超越的思想，以超越的思想构建和谐企业，充分了解了一切事物缘生缘灭，观自心不可得，在无常面前人人平等，何愁管理不好？何必与员工结怨仇？何愁客不来？对自己言行律己，净念自心，以平等心、平常心对待一切人，对员工体贴关怀赞叹鼓励，对社会诚实守信，布施行善，何乐而不为？一种建立在平等上的差别，又建立在差别上的和谐，这就是现代企业的和谐之道。
