3 The Pears and The Broken Head

3以梨打头破喻

Once there was a bald-headed man. When someone threw several pears at him, injuring his head, he stupidly remained silent and refused to get out of the way. Seeing this, the people said, “Why didn’t you get out of the way and thereby avoid injury to your head?”

The stupid man replied, “That person was just showing off his strength, but he was stupid and had no wisdom. He thought my bald-head was a rock!”

The people said, “You are the stupid one! How can you call him stupid? If you weren’t stupid, how could you have let him injure you and how could you have refused to get out of the way?”

This is like a Bhikshu who, unable to cultivate faith, precepts, learning, or wisdom, merely maintains an awesome appearance to attract support and offerings. Such a Bhikshu is like that stupid man who received blows on his head without running away and then called his attacker stupid.

译文

早先有一个愚人，头上光秃无发。当时有一个人用梨打他的头，一下，二下，三下，头全都被打得受伤破裂了。此时这个愚人默然忍受着，不知躲避离去。傍人见了这般情景，就对他说：「为什么不避去呢?竟然一动不动地受打，致使头都破了。」愚人答道：「像他那种人么，骄横侮慢，凭借力气而已，其实是愚痴的，缺少智慧。见我头上没有发毛，便以为是石头，用梨来打我，头就破成这个样子。」傍人说道：「你自己愚痴，为何反说他愚痴呢?你若是不愚痴，怎么会被他打得头破，却不知逃避!」

某些出家人也是如此，无能力具有澄净之心、清凉之行，也无能力修习教法，更无能力思惟教法之理而生慧解，仅仅是整饬出家人的容仪法度而已，用以招来利养，恰如那个愚人，被别人打了头，却不知躲避离去，直至破伤了，反而说别人愚痴。这样的出家人也像那愚人一般。

原典

昔有愚人，头上无毛。时有一人，以梨打头，乃至二三，悉皆伤破。时此愚人，默然忍受，不知避去。傍人见已，而语之言：「何不避去，乃住受打，致使头破?」愚人答言：「如彼人者，憍慢恃力，痴无智慧，见我头上无有发毛，谓为是石，以梨打我，头破乃尔。」傍人语言：「汝自愚痴，云何名彼以为痴也?汝若不痴，为他所打，乃至头破，不知逃避。」

比丘亦尔，不能具修信戎闻慧，但整威仪①，以招利养②，如彼愚人，被他打头，不知避去，乃至伤破，反谓他痴。此比丘者，亦复如是。

注释

①威仪：谓起居动作皆有威德有仪则，即习称之行、住、坐、卧四威仪。佛门中，出家之比丘、比丘尼，戒律甚多，且异于在家众，而有「三千威仪、八万律仪」等之说。

②利养：亦即供养，以衣、食、卧具、汤药等为主。本文指以他人的种种布施来养色身。

解说

此则譬喻指责了某些出家人徒守威仪，以此来求得利养，那么，这种利养就如打愚人光头的梨，伤害了出家人的功德根本，而出家人依然只是固着于威仪，不知转而具修信戒定慧，则利养带来的损害亦愈益扩大。