(１２)我们以另一个角度来看：
“怎样可以看出凡夫和真正佛弟子的心境有何高低之别？”

12) Next the question,

12) “How do the minds of an ordinary lay person and a true Buddhist differ?”

　　现在我们要注意的这个重点，将会在凡夫和真正佛弟子[译注一]的心境有别方面，给我们一些看法。凡夫是指从来没有成为完全的佛弟子，且对真正的佛教一无所知的人。凡夫依循父母的信仰而成为佛教徒，充其量只是符合记录与注册的“名字佛教徒”而已。这表示他一直是个凡夫。

　　现在，要成为真正的佛弟子、圣人(ariyan)，就必须对身旁种种事物具足正见，那种高度的知见远超过凡夫所拥有的。

NOW WE SHALL look at a point which will give some idea of the difference in level between the mind of an ordinary lay person and the mind of a true Buddhist. “Ordinary lay person” means one who has never been a proper Buddhist and knows nothing of real and genuine Buddhism. An ordinary lay person is a Buddhist at most by name, only according to the records and according to the register, through having been born of parents who were Buddhists. This means he is still an ordinary lay person. Now, to be a “true Buddhist”, to be an ariyan (one well advanced in practice, a noble one) a person must meet the requirement of having right understanding about the various things around him to a far higher degree than the ordinary lay person has.

　　佛陀幽默地说：“圣人和凡夫的看法有很大的不同”(泰本巴利藏第２１册，５４７页)。例如在圣人的眼中或在圣戒里，唱歌与哭泣是同样的事，跳舞是疯子滑稽的动作 ，开怀地笑是未成年儿童的行为(泰本巴利藏第２１册，５４７页)[译注二]。
　　凡夫嘻嘻哈哈自得其乐唱歌、欢笑，不会觉得疲倦，但在圣戒中，唱歌被视同哭泣。假如我们见到一个人声嘶力竭地唱歌、喊叫，在圣人的眼中看起来不仅与哭泣相同，它与哭泣更是出自相同的情绪。
　　至于跳舞，更是疯子的行为。当我们起舞时，如果稍加留意，我们必定至少有百分之十五[译注三]的疯狂，否则就不会去做它，但我们不会以为那是疯子的行为，因为一般人都认为它是快乐的事。
　　有些人喜欢笑[译注四]，笑是快乐的，即使没有理由或适当时机，人还是常常笑。但在圣戒中，笑被认为是未成年儿童的行为，所以假如我们能笑得少一点，将会是一件好事，若完全不笑，那就更好了。

The Buddha said humorously, “Between the view of the ariyan and the view of ordinary lay people there is an enormous difference.” Thus, in the view of the ariyans, in the ariyan discipline, singing songs is the same thing as weeping; dancing is the antics of madmen; and hearty laughing is the behaviour of immature children. The ordinary lay person sings, laughs, and enjoys himself without noticing when he is weary. In the discipline of the ariyans, singing is looked upon as being the same as weeping. If we observe a man who sings and shouts at the top of his voice, it not only looks the same as weeping, but, furthermore, it stems from the same emotional conditions as does weeping. As for dancing, this is the behaviour of madmen! If we are just a little observant, we will realize as we are getting up to dance, that we must surely be at least ten percent crazy or else we couldn’t do it. But because it is universally considered something pleasant, we don’t see it as the behaviour of lunatics. Some people like to laugh; laughter is something enjoyable. people laugh a lot, even when it is not reasonable or appropriate. But laughing is regarded by the ariyan, and in their discipline, as the behaviour of immature children. So if we could laugh less, it would be a good thing, and not to laugh at all would be even better.

　　这例证显示圣戒不同于凡夫的习俗，依照凡夫的习俗，唱歌、跳舞、欢笑，没什么大不了，且稀松平常；而在圣戒里，则被视为可怜的行为，且与前面的评断相同。有这种观点的人，心境是高超的。

These are illustrations of the way in which the ariyan discipline differs from the traditions of ordinary lay people. According to the traditions of ordinary people, singing, dancing, and laughing are of no consequence and are normal events, while in the ariyan discipline they are looked upon as pathetic and evaluated accordingly. Such is the view of one whose mind is highly developed.

　　佛陀并没有禁止我们去做上述的事情，只是要我们认识到行为的表现方式有高或低的层次，因此不需去做不必要的事。当我们还不是圣人时，可能会想要尝试较低的行为方式，但假如真的去尝试，我们将会明了：它偶尔使人快乐，但是到最后，我们会厌倦它。于是，我们可以自我提升到符合圣戒的圣人境界。

The Buddha is not saying, do not do such things when we want to, but only wants us to know that there are higher and lower ways to behave, and that we need not do unnecessary things. When we are not yet ariyans, we may want to try out such lower forms of behaviour. If we do give them a try, we will realize that they are sometimes amusing, but in the end we’ll get tired of them. Then we can raise ourselves to the level and discipline of the ariyans.

　　有些人不喜欢听到戒律，他们担心那会约束自己并导致痛苦。无论如何，尝试控制自己不要随着情绪走，在佛教中是个很重要的原则。调伏身心，使它们不会随着情绪走，那并不是受苦，反之，它是克服苦的方法。我们必须找到一些方法以避免遭受自私或烦恼的压迫，安住自己的心，不许烦恼引诱我们、主宰我们。当跳舞时，注意观察有多少烦恼刺激、主宰我们，使我们在它们的控制之下，这是解脱自在吗？

order not to follow one’s moods is an important principle in Buddhism. To hold down the body and mind so that they don’t follow such moods is not dukkha. Rather, this is the way to defeat dukkha. We must find means to avoid falling under the oppression of selfish feelings or defilements. We should set our minds to not allowing the defilements to incite and master us. Take a look at dancing and see how much the defilements goad us and master us and have us in their control. Is this freedom?

　　以上的讨论，多少引发我们想到应该提升自己的地位，不要永远只当凡夫，自愿加入圣人的行列，就能拥有智慧，痛苦自然少。避免给自己制造无谓的困扰，也不要做徒劳无益的事，你将获得如下的成果：从凡夫的阶层提升为真正的佛弟子，安住于圣戒之中。佛陀希望有更多人成为圣人，别永远只是凡夫俗子。

Some people don’t like to hear about “discipline”. They worry that restraining themselves might lead to dukkha. However, trying to control oneself in

It then occurs to us that we ought to improve our status somewhat. Don’t be an ordinary lay person forever! Apply for admission into the society of the Buddha, that is, have knowledge, intelligence, awareness, and understanding, so that suffering may be diminished. Avoid making things unnecessarily hard and fruitless for yourself. This is the reward you will reap; you will rise from the level of the ordinary lay person to become a true Buddhist, an ariyan dwelling in the ariyan discipline. The Buddha hoped there would come to be many ariyans, many who would not remain ordinary worldlings forever.

　　[译注一]真正的佛弟子意指圣人。
　　[译注二]四分律卷五十八：“於圣法律中，歌戏犹如哭，舞如狂者，戏笑似小儿。”(《大正藏》第２２册，９９８页)
　　[译注三]此据泰文版。
　　[译注四]此处所谈的笑是指放逸的笑。