# |
Pali (Sanskrit) |
Usual Translation |
Other Reference |
Remarks |
1 |
Avijja (Avidya) | Ignorance | Lack of wisdom, which is the root of all evils. Obscuration as to self of persons and self of phenomena. | |
2 |
Sankhara (Samskara) | Karma formations | Compositional action | Wholesome or unwholesome thoughts, speech and bodily deeds. |
3 |
Vinnana (Vijnana) | Conciousness | Normally 6 consciousnesses but is taken as 8 in the Yogacara School. | |
4 |
Nama-rupa | Name & form | Corporeality & mentality | Mental & physical existence. 4 mental aggregates and one physical body. |
5 |
Ayatana (Shadayatana) | Six bases | Six sense organs/spheres | Eye, ear, nose, tongue, touch and mental faculty. |
6 |
Phassa (Sparsha) | Sense impression | Contact | A mental factor and period in which the objects, sense power/organ and conciousness come together, causing one to distinguish an object as pleasurable, painful or neutral. |
7 |
Vedana | Feeling | Sensation |
Posited as a mental factor that experiencespleasure, pain and neutral feeling. Pleasure leads to a strong desire for more while pain generates an avoidance desire. |
8 |
Tanha (Trishna) | Craving | Attachment | A mental factor that increases desire but without any satisfaction. |
9 |
Upadana | Clinging | Grasping | A stronger degree of desire. 4 basic varieties: desired objects, views of self, bad system of ethics and conduct; and other bad views. |
10 | Bhava (Bjava) | Process of becoming | Existence | A period lasting from the time of fully potentialised karma up to the beginning of next lifetime. |
11 | Jati | Rebirth | ||
12 | Jara-marana (Jaramaranam) | Ageing & Death | Decay & Death |
Notes:
Links 1, 2, 8, 9 and 10 are the five karmic causes of rebirths.
Links 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are the five karmic results in the rounds of rebirths.
This doctrine is interpreted in various ways and levels:
Sources of compilation: