《幸福经》简介
梁国雄居士
《幸福经》或《吉祥经》是南传小部经中小诵经之一。在此经中，佛陀回应天神的启请，宣示了约38项最上幸福的含义，内容包括世间法与出世间法的幸福，平实具体，层次分明，对于认真追求幸福，或初心修行人士，皆极有参考价值。
我最近参考了数编中英译本，重译了此经，并加了数则简注，现附于本文之后，希望读者能细心阅读、思考、寻解、以及行持体证。更希望不幸的人生能速速停止，幸福的人生能继续维持、增长，以及无上的幸福(涅槃)能早些降临行者身上。
「幸福」是指「幸运」和「福气」，是人生的一个理想状态。它最少包括以下各项：
(1) 身体、心理、人格、社会关系等健康，
(2) 个人智慧、名声、谋生及发展才能等，
(3) 美好的居住环境、伴侣、师长和亲朋，
(4) 各类有形或无形的内外支持，
(5) 良好机会，以及逢凶化吉、转危为安的运气，
(6) 五福：长寿、富贵、康宁、好德和善终。
它们人人皆想，却是少有人得。有关方法佛陀在南传小部经如是语经中的善行经(Khuddaka-Itivuttaka 71)也有简要的开示：我亲见和亲证，若人赋有以下五事：
(1) 身善行、(2)语善行、(3)意善行、(4)不诽谤圣者、(5)持有正见及依正见行事者，身坏命终自会转生善趣。
现请细读以下【附录】的《幸福经》：
《幸福经》
如是我闻，一时，佛住舍卫国祗树给孤独园。一晚夜深时分，有一天神，体放光芒，照遍祗园，到访佛陀，顶礼佛后，站在一旁，向佛请教曰：
「众天神与人，渴求诸幸福，请佛为宣说，最上幸福义。」
佛陀回答曰：
(一) 远离愚痴人，常与智者交，尊敬值得尊敬者，是为最上的幸福。
(二) 住在合适处，往昔曾行善，现今又行于正道，是为最上的幸福。
(三) 博学技艺精，善守诸戒律，处世能言兼善辩，是为最上的幸福。
(四) 养亲爱妻儿，谋生不伤人，从事正当的职业，是为最上的幸福。
(五) 慷慨兼正直，乐助诸亲友，行为无可责难者，是为最上的幸福。
(六) 避恶戒除恶，远离麻醉品，坚持德行不放逸，是为最上的幸福。
(七) 谦虚与恭敬，知足并感恩，有机会听闻佛法，是为最上的幸福。
(八) 忍耐与服从，遇到修行僧，能适时研讨正法，是为最上的幸福。
(九) 克己修净行，觉知四圣谛，现世能体证涅槃，是为最上的幸福。
(十) 遇事遭变故，不动不忧伤，内心离垢得安稳，是为最上的幸福。
成就的人天，无往而不利，所到之处皆安乐，是为最上的幸福。 [完]
(注1) 远离麻醉品：指不饮酒、不抽烟、不吸毒等。
(注2) 德行：一般指自利利他的良好行为和习惯。
(注3) 克己修净行：指过有自制的、少欲的、守戒律的严谨修行生活。
(注4) 遇事遭变故：指「世间法」中的得(利益)、失(衰灭或减损)、毁(毁谤)、 誉(背后赞誉)、称(当众称道)、讥(诽谤)、苦、乐、等八法或八世风。
(注5) 内心离垢：指内心没有(不染)贪瞋痴烦恼及其有关的随烦恼等。
Mangala Sutta (Discourse on Blessing) by K. Sri Dhammananda
Thus have I heard. On one occasion, the Blessed One was dwelling at the monastery of Anathapindika in Jeta's Grove near Savatthi.
When the night was far spent, a certain deity whose surpassing splendour illuminated the entire Jeta Grove, came to the presence of the Blessed One, and, drawing near, respectfully saluted and stood at one side. Standing thus, He addressed the Blessed One in verse, "Many deities and men, yearning after good, have pondered on Blessings. Pray, please tell me the Highest Blessing."
(The Buddha replied as follows.)
1. Not to associate with the fools, to associate with the wise, and honour those who are worthy of honour -- this is the Highest Blessing.
2. To reside in a suitable locality, to have done meritorious actions in the past, and to set oneself in the right course -- this is the Highest Blessing.
3. Vast-learning, perfect handicraft, a highly trained discipline (well-trained in discipline), and pleasant speech -- this is the Highest Blessing.
4. The support of father and mother, the cherishing of wife and children, and peaceful occupations -- this the Highest Blessing.
5. Liberality, Righteous conduct, the helping of relatives, and blameless actions -- this is the Highest Blessing.
6. To cease and abstain from evil. Forbearance with respect to intoxicants. And steadfastness in virtue -- this is the Highest Blessing.
7. Reverence, humility, Contentment, gratitude, and opportune hearing of the Dhamma -- this is the Highest Blessing.
8. Patience, obedience, sight of the Samanas (ascetics) and religious discussions at due season -- this is the Highest Blessing.
9. Self-control, Holy Life, perception of the Noble Truths, and the realisation of Nibbana -- this is the Highest Blessing.
10. He whose mind does not flutter by contact with worldly contingencies, sorrowless, stainless, and secure -- this is the Highest Blessing.
To them, fulfilling matters such as these, everywhere invincible, in every way moving happily -- these are the Highest Blessings.
