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弟子规浅释 Standards for Students 第二章:孝 Chapter Two: FILIAL PIETY - 4
 
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第二章:孝

Chapter Two: FILIAL PIETY

父母呼,应勿缓,父母命,行勿懒。
父母教,须敬听,父母责,须顺承。
冬则温,夏则凊,晨则省,昏则定。
出必告,反必面,居有常,业无变。
事虽小,勿擅为,苟擅为,子道亏。
物虽小,勿私藏,苟私藏,亲心伤。
亲所好,力为具,亲所恶,谨为去。
身有伤,贻亲忧,德有伤,贻亲羞。
亲爱我,孝何难,亲憎我,孝方贤。
亲有过,谏使更,怡吾色,柔吾声。
谏不入,悦复谏,号泣随,挞无怨。
亲有疾,药先尝,昼夜侍,不离床。
丧三年,常悲咽,居处变,酒肉绝。
丧尽礼,祭尽诚,事死者,如事生。

qin

suo

hao

 

li

wei

ju

父母亲

的事物

喜好

 

尽力地

准备周全

parents

that which

like

do one’s best, use effort

for

have everything completely

父母亲喜好的事物,要尽力地替父母亲准备周全。
Whatever your parents like, you should earnestly try to provide for them.

qin

suo

wu

 

jin

wei

qu

父母亲

的事物

厌恶

 

谨慎地

去除

parents

that which

dislike

carefully, attentively

for

get rid of

父母亲所厌恶的事物,要谨慎地为父母亲去除净尽。
Whatever your parents dislike, you should carefully try to remove for them.


“所”在中国文言文里,如放在动词前,是一个指示代名词,相当于白话“的人、事或物”;通常居于宾位(做其后边动词之受词)。因此在翻译成白话时,得先翻后面的动词。如 “所好”是喜爱的人、事或物;“所恶”是憎恶的人、事或物。好、恶、都是破音字,当动词用时读如“浩”、“物”。“为”亦是个破音字,读如“未”,当“替”讲。具,作动词用时,解释为“准备”;但它又带有“周到的、完全的”意思在内。这是说:父母喜欢什么,想要什么,都能不管怎样困难,不怕怎样麻烦,替他们设想得又周到,准备得又完全。这也是对父母的一种欢喜施,令父母得到安慰和快乐。在这种孝心推动下,仁慈、耐心、毅力和勇气等美德,也就自然而然滋长了。

The first line says that whatever our parents are fond of and would like to have, we should go out of our way to provide it fully to them, no matter how much difficulty or trouble we have to go through. We should happily practice giving to our parents, in order to comfort them and make them happy. With this single sincere thought of filial piety, one will naturally grow in the virtues of kindness, patience, perseverance, and courage.

你或者曾在夜晚欣赏美丽的星空,注意到有七颗星组成的星座,形状像个大杓子似的,那就是大熊星座里的北斗七星。关于常见的星星,东西各国都有许多动人的传说和神话,这个大杓子星群亦不例外。在西方,很多孩子都听过这个孝顺女孩的故事。

If you have ever gazed at the stars, you may have noticed a group of seven stars shaped like a big soup ladle--this is the Big Dipper in the Ursa Major constellation. Many touching stories and legends are associated with the well-known constellations in both Eastern and Western cultures. The following story, which many Westerners may know, is about a little girl who was very filial.

在不知多久以前,有一个小女孩和她的妈妈,住在靠近黑森林的一间小木屋里。某个夏天的晚上,小女孩的妈妈觉得很不舒服,怎么也睡不着,只觉口乾舌燥,好想有杯清凉的水喝。小女孩顾不得困,跳下床,穿好衣,拿了一把长柄的杓子就去井边取水。当她把汲桶拉上来时,发现竟然一滴水也没有,原来井已乾枯了。怎么办呢?小女孩想了又想,森林深处有清泉,可是不但距离很远,还得穿过那黑漆漆的森林;再想到渴望有冷水喝的妈妈,小女孩勇敢地走进了森林的小径。

Once upon a time, a little girl lived with her mother in a small log cabin near the Black Forest. One summer night, her mother in other tossed and turned restlessly, unable to fall asleep. She felt very thirsty and wanted to drink a cup of cool water. The little girl, despite her sleepiness, immediately got out of bed, dressed, and took a ladle with a long handle to get water from the well. Pulling the bucket up out of the well, she found that there was not even a drop of water in it, for the well had run completely dry. "What should I do?" wondered the little girl. "There is a spring deep inside the forest, but it’s very far from here and I have to walk through the dark forest to get there." But thinking of her mother longing for a cup of cool water, she bravely set out on the path into the forest, groping her way in the dark.

小女孩在黑夜的森林小径摸索前进,猫头鹰桀桀怪笑着,蝙蝠不时自山洞中飞出;小女孩又害怕又着急,但一想到妈妈在等水喝,她就坚持地往前进。终于听到淙淙的流水声了,小女孩舀了泉水,就匆匆往回走。可是在回程中,小女孩先后遇到一只口渴的狗和一个疲倦的老人,小女孩仁慈地都给了他们一些水。

The owls booted eerily, and occasionally bats flew from the caves. The little girl became afraid and worried. But once again, thinking of her mother waiting for the water, she resolutely went forward. Finally, she heard the sound of flowing water. She took some water from the spring and quickly headed back. On the way, she met a thirsty dog and a weary old man. She kindly gave them some water.

每布施一次,小女孩手中的长柄杓子就变一次:由原先的铁杓子,变成银的,再变成金的,照亮了漆暗的小路。等到小女孩给妈妈喝下水,让妈妈舒服地躺下来时,那柄杓子已经变成闪烁晶亮的钻石,而且一直向着窗外漆黑的夜空飞去,终于高高地挂在天上,正对大家愉快地瞬着眼睛哩!今天我们看到那七颗杓子星时,是否也会想起曾有过这么一位孝顺、仁慈而勇敢小女孩呢?

Every time she gave, the long ladle in her hand changed. The ladle originally made of cast iron, first turned to silver, and then to shining gold, which illuminated the dark path and helped the girl find her way home. After the mother drank the water and lay down comfortably, the ladle turned into brilliant diamond and flew out the window to hang high up into the night sky, twinkling happily for everyone to see. Now when you see the seven stars of the Big Dipper, won’t it remind you of this filial, kind, and brave little girl?

那么对父母憎恶的人、事、物,我们该用怎样的态度来处理呢?原则上当然是帮父母去除之;但是要很谨慎,不要反因此惊吓了父母,甚而伤身败德。譬如说冒冒失失去赶走一条蛇,反把蛇惊动了,不仅是父母被蛇咬,就是自己也被咬伤。又譬如父母恨不得某人死,难道我们为他们去杀人吗?所以如何运用智慧去判断该如何着手,这就是谨。想要行无畏施,去除别人的恐惧和厌恶感,并非有匹夫之勇就可以的;要有大智慧做前锋,言语举止自然合宜,那才能真正做到“谨为去”。

How should we deal with people, things, and matters that our parents dislike? Basically, of course, we should get rid of them, but in doing so we must be very cautious not to frighten our parents or hurt anyone in the process, as that would go against virtue. For example, if we see a snake and rashly try to chase it away, we may make our parents afraid or even get bitten by the snake ourselves. And if our parents hate someone very much does that mean we should kill the person? We must be cautious; we must make wise judgments. If we want to quell people’s fear and hatred, bold courage alone is not enough. We must have great wisdom to guide us to act in the most suitable and correct manner. Only then will we be able to skillfully remove the things that our parents dislike.

遍观天下,什么是人最恐惧和厌恶的?莫若是种种的生之苦(老、病、求不得、爱别离、厌憎会、变迁),以及死亡的恐惧了!那什么又是最可安慰和快乐的呢?情吗?财富吗?还是地位吧?那都是生不带来,死不带去的,不真实,不久长的:莫若是脱离生死轮回之苦,而证得不生不灭之乐了!我们唯有精勤修行,了自己的生死,才能救度他人;否则也只是个过江的泥菩萨,还保不住自己吧!

In this world, the sufferings that birth entails (old age, sickness, not obtaining what we seek, being apart from those we love, being together with those we hate, constant change) and the fear of death are what people hate and loathe the most. Freedom from the sufferings of birth and death and realization of the eternal bliss of nonproduction and nondestruction are the greatest source of comfort and joy. Emotional love. wealth, and high position are neither real nor lasting; we did not bring them with us at birth, nor can we take them along when we die. Only if we practice diligently and end our own birth and death will we be able to save others. Otherwise, we’ll be like a clay Bodhisattva, who cannot even save himself as he crosses the river.

那么这种欢喜施,用之于父母曰“孝”,施之于众人曰“仁”,推及于一切有情曰“慈”,无畏施用之于父母曰“顺”,施之于众人曰“义”,推及于一切有情曰“悲”。孝顺的道理,可以自爱敬至亲的人开始,推广到其他的人或生物、非生物,即所谓“亲亲而仁民,仁民而爱物”的大慈悲境界。

When we give joyfully to our parents, we are being filial. When we practice joyful giving to all people, that is called humaneness. If we extend it to all sentient beings, then it is known as kindness. If we give fearlessness to (relieve the fears of) our parents, we are being obedient. To relieve the fears of all people is righteousness. When we expand this to cover all living beings, it is compassion. Thus we can see that the principle of filial piety starts with being kind and respectful towards our dearest ones and then extending this behavior to other people and sentient and insentient beings. This is called the greatly compassionate stage of "loving our own parents in all people and beings."


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